Abstract：Against the background of the rapid development of urban rail transit and the redevelopment of existing land, the extent of urban planar extension and the depth of vertical construction have been enlarged, showing the characteristics of three-dimensional and varied spatial organization, as well as the overlapping and interweaving of building functions. Underground complexes have become a new foundation and driving force for realizing the efficient operation of urban space, and their spatial efficiency is of great significance for the sustainable and high-quality development of cities. This article outlines the research context of underground space and constructs an evaluation system for the effectiveness of urban underground complexes. Based on multi-source spatiotemporal big data, the spatial efficiency of typical urban underground complexes in China has been systematically measured, and the dominant types of spatial efficiency of underground complexes have been identified through cluster analysis. This research aims to provide support for the integrated development of urban three-dimensional space and the theory and practice of urban underground space.
2025, Vol. 42 
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